To review the ships you have, click on the Ships Icon in the Sea Chest or press the H key.
There will be three tabs on the left displaying Ships in a Bottle. Click on a ship to view it's details.
The detail screen shows an image of the ship, its name and class. Under that, will display Hull or Rigging Customization Options that may have been added to the ship.
Below and to the right of that, is Ship Hull Health and Sail Health. Any damage to the vessel will show in colors (Yellow for Moderate, Red for Critical).
At the bottom will appear the cargo, deck cannons, crew, the crew maximum and broadsides.